South American Countries Overview
South America, brimming with vibrant cultures and varied landscapes, boasts twelve countries and one territory. By diving into population trends and distinctive traits, we get a pretty cool snapshot of this lively area.
Population Statistics
The folks of South America are spread out over twelve countries, each adding its own vibe to the continent. Brazil takes the cake as the biggest, both in size and headcount.
| Country | Population (2024) |
|---|---|
| Brazil | 236,316,979 |
| Colombia | 56,577,397 |
| Argentina | 47,327,407 |
| Peru | 34,097,603 |
| Venezuela | 31,339,056 |
| Chile | 19,958,311 |
| Ecuador | 18,348,084 |
| Bolivia | 12,315,543 |
| Paraguay | 7,353,894 |
| Uruguay | 3,665,304 |
| Guyana | 834,806 |
| Suriname | 621,618 |
Figures from Worldometer and World Atlas.
With Brazil leading due to its size and muscle in the economy, the population dance here is always changing. Colombia and Argentina are big deals too, playing pivotal roles in the region. For more number crunching, check out our list of countries by population density and list of countries by GDP.
Landlocked Countries
In the South American lineup, two countries don’t get to laugh at the beach: Bolivia and Paraguay. No coastlines mean they have a different take on trade and the drama of geopolitics.
Bolivia
Right in the thick of it, Bolivia cozies up to Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, and Peru. No ocean access, but Bolivia uses the Paraguay River via the Tamengo Canal to sneak towards the Atlantic.
| Country | Bordering Countries |
|---|---|
| Bolivia | Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Peru |
Paraguay
Also without a beach in sight, Paraguay hangs out next to Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia. The Paraguay and Paraná Rivers are super important, acting like highways connecting it to the Atlantic Ocean.
| Country | Bordering Countries |
|---|---|
| Paraguay | Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia |
Curiosity piqued about landlocked life? Here’s our list of landlocked countries. South American geography isn’t just fascinating; it’s key in understanding the struggles and smarts of these inland nations.
Largest South American Countries by Population
Brazil
Hold on to your hats, folks, because Brazil is not just the largest country by area in South America but also leads by a mile when it comes to population. As we’re chatting in 2024, the bustling streets, vibrant sambas, and sprawling rainforests are home to about 236 million people. They’re scattered from the spirited party scene in Rio de Janeiro to the business hub of São Paulo, all under the political eye of the capital Brasília. With so much happening, it’s clear why Brazil’s so packed with energy.
Colombia
Switching gears to Colombia, where nearly 57 million people are enjoying the rich aroma of world-famous coffee and the picturesque view of the Andes mountains. Bogotá, the capital, is a bustling city of contrasts, thriving with culture, while Medellín and Cali continue to charm with their unique vibes. Colombia’s got a rhythm of its own that keeps people coming back for more.
Argentina
Heading down south to Argentina, home of the tango and the vast pampas. As of 2024, about 48 million folks dance to their own beat here where Buenos Aires is the heart of it all. Whether it’s the sound of the bandoneon echoing through the streets or the delicious taste of their renowned beef, Argentina has something special that resonates well beyond its borders.
Venezuela
Venezuela sits under a tropical sun with about 33 million people writing their stories across its diverse terrains. From the soaring peaks of the Andes to the lush expanse of the Amazon, there’s plenty to see and explore. Caracas stands as the capital where tradition meets modernity, all intertwined with the nation’s vast oil wealth.
Peru
And then we have Peru — a land of ancient wonders like Machu Picchu that stirs the imagination of around 38 million people. You’ve got Lima as the cultural gastronomical hub where past meets present, and every street seems to tell tales dating back to the Incas. It’s a place full of wonder and a feast for both the mind and the soul.
| Country | People Count (2024) |
|---|---|
| Brazil | 236,316,979 |
| Colombia | 56,577,397 |
| Argentina | 48,282,611 |
| Venezuela | 32,894,650 |
| Peru | 37,907,094 |
Got an itch for more global data? Check out our dive into the list of African countries or wander through the list of Caribbean countries. There’s plenty more where this came from!
Capitals of South American Countries
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil
South America boasts lively capitals, each buzzing with its own flair. Let’s peek at some of these vibrant cities:
| Country | Capital |
|---|---|
| Argentina | Buenos Aires |
| Bolivia | La Paz, Sucre |
| Brazil | Brasília |
Buenos Aires, Argentina’s heartbeat, carries the nickname “Paris of South America” thanks to its European-style look. Bolivia’s got a twofer with La Paz running the show administratively and Sucre playing the constitutional fiddle. Then there’s Brasília, standing tall in Brazil with its sleek, modernist architecture, marking its spot as a UNESCO World Heritage gem.
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
| Country | Capital |
|---|---|
| Chile | Santiago |
| Colombia | Bogotá |
| Ecuador | Quito |
Santiago, Chile’s crown jewel, is hugged by the Andes and Chilean Coastal Range—now that’s some scenery! Bogotá, proud home to Colombia, bursts with culture and history at every corner. Quito isn’t just Ecuador’s capital; it’s perched up high in the Andes at 2,850 meters, famed for its colonial relics.
French Guiana, Guyana
| Country | Capital |
|---|---|
| French Guiana | Cayenne |
| Guyana | Georgetown |
Cayenne is the little slice of France you’ve been looking for—right in South America. Georgetown in Guyiana? It’s got British vibes, showing off its painted-timber St. George’s Anglican Cathedral to boot.
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname
| Country | Capital |
|---|---|
| Paraguay | Asunción |
| Peru | Lima |
| Suriname | Paramaribo |
Asunción stakes its claim in Paraguay as one of the continent’s oldest and packs plenty of history. Lima flaunts its size and financial oomph as Peru’s go-to metropolis. Meanwhile, Paramaribo in Suriname is all about celebrating its Dutch roots and melting pot culture.
Uruguay, Venezuela
| Country | Capital |
|---|---|
| Uruguay | Montevideo |
| Venezuela | Caracas |
Montevideo, Uruguay’s cultural and seaside haven, keeps things buzzing, while Caracas keeps busy too, nestled with the striking Avila Mountain and all sorts of hustle in the political and cultural scenes.
Want to globe-trot some more? Peek at other continents with our guides on the list of european countries, list of african countries, and the list of asian countries.
Diversity in South American Languages
Indigenous Languages
South America speaks a whole dictionary of languages, and I’m not exaggerating. It’s like the continent threw a party and everyone brought their linguistic besties—Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní, and Mapudungun top the guest list. Not only are these the local gossip in indigenous circles, but they’ve also got official language badges in some countries.
Table 1: Indigenous Languages Shaping South America
| Language | Countries Where It’s Boss | Fun Facts That Stick |
|---|---|---|
| Quechua | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia | Chatted by millions, back to the Inca days |
| Aymara | Bolivia, Peru | One of the oldest tongues around |
| Guaraní | Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil | Shares the stage with Spanish in Paraguay |
| Mapudungun | Chile, Argentina | Spoken by the resilient Mapuche folks |
Digging into these dialects gives us a peek into South America’s heart and soul, highlighting how crucial it is to keep these words alive.
National Languages
Now, if indigenous tongues are the old-school hits, then Spanish and Portuguese are the chart-toppers of the present day in South America. Thanks to a past filled with colonial shenanigans, these languages headlined the region’s playlist.
Table 2: Leading National Languages in South American Nations
| Country | National Language(s) |
|---|---|
| Argentina | Spanish |
| Bolivia | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní |
| Brazil | Portuguese |
| Chile | Spanish |
| Colombia | Spanish |
| Ecuador | Spanish, Quechua, Shuar |
| French Guiana | French |
| Guyana | English |
| Paraguay | Spanish, Guaraní |
| Peru | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara |
| Suriname | Dutch |
| Uruguay | Spanish |
| Venezuela | Spanish |
One size doesn’t fit all here. Guyana might roll with English, but it’s got Sranan Tongo, Hindustani, and Javanese in its back pocket. And in Suriname, you’ll find Sranan Tongo strolling beside Javanese on the streets.
Checking out South America’s language maze uncovers a treasure trove of cultural diversity. It shows how local and official languages get tattoos of their histories on regional identities.
Curious about other places with a similar language mix? Take a look at our thoughts on the list of African countries and the list of European countries.
Political Systems in South America
Monarchies and Republics
Back in the day, South America dabbled in a mix of political setups. Brazil stood out with its Brazilian Empire, living the monarchy life until it got flipped into a republic by a coup d’état after 67 years of independence. Now, most countries in South America are presidential republics, with Suriname chilling as a parliamentary republic.
| Country | Political System | Historical Note |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Presidential Republic | Used to be a monarchy till 1889 |
| Argentina | Presidential Republic | |
| Colombia | Presidential Republic | |
| Suriname | Parliamentary Republic |
Democratic Transitions
The ’80s were wild times for South America, swapping out military rule for a taste of democracy. These changes transformed the whole region’s vibe. But it ain’t all sunshine and roses—issues with corruption linger on.
| Country | Transition Period | Previous Political System |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 1985 | Military dictatorship |
| Argentina | 1983 | Military junta |
| Chile | 1990 | Military dictatorship |
| Peru | 1980 | Military regime |
Curious about political change elsewhere? Check out our reads on the list of democratic countries and the list of communist countries.
Nationalization of Industries
Taking control of industries is a big thing for many South American countries. It’s more about holding onto key sectors like electricity to safeguard interests and handle resources smartly.
| Country | Nationalized Industry | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Venezuela | Oil | 1976 |
| Bolivia | Gas and Oil | 2006 |
| Argentina | Energy | 2012 |
| Ecuador | Oil | 2007 |
This approach speaks volumes about the socio-political games and economic plays in the list of South American countries. Each country is carving out its journey for political and economic stability with these pivotal laws.
Interested in economic management? Swing by our pages on the list of countries by GDP and list of third world countries.
Notable Geographic Features
South America has some jaw-dropping places that make it special. Not only are its places awesome to look at, but they also highlight the continent’s natural beauty. Whether you’re looking at the Andes Mountains, gazing over the Guiana Highlands, or admiring the Pantanal, there’s plenty to feast your eyes on.
The Andes Mountains
“The Spine of South America” – that’s what they call the Andes Mountains! They’re the second tallest mountain range on our planet. These giants stretch down the western side of South America, weaving through seven different countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. And towering over them all is Mount Aconcagua – standing proudly at 22,831 feet (6,959 meters). Since folks have been around down there, the Andes have been more than just mountains to climb; they’re a cultural backbone, rich in traditions and stories that connect people with their ancestors.
| Key Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Highest Peak | Mount Aconcagua |
| Elevation | 22,831 feet (6,959 meters) |
| Countries | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela |
The Guiana Highlands
Up in the north, where Brazil meets Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, you’ll find the rugged Guiana Highlands. The highlight? These towering formations called tepuis. Flat on top and steep at the sides, these mesas create some eye-catching scenery. Mount Roraima, standing at 9,094 feet (2,772 meters), is probably the most famous of them all. These mystical structures house some pretty unique plants and critters that you won’t find anywhere else.
And then there’s Angel Falls in Venezuela—3,212 feet (979 meters) of sheer drop, making it the tallest waterfall on Earth.
| Key Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Notable Formation | Tepuis (tabletop mountains) |
| Highest Mesa | Mount Roraima |
| Elevation | 9,094 feet (2,772 meters) |
| Notable Waterfall | Angel Falls |
| Height of Angel Falls | 3,212 feet (979 meters) |
The Pantanal
Bigger than your average park, the Pantanal is a wetland about the size of Florida and spreads across Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. It’s like Mother Nature’s playground, packed with creatures like jaguars, those sneaky giant anteaters, and even massive anacondas. The Pantanal’s rain showers, bringing in 39 to 55 inches (1,000 to 1,400 millimeters) of water every year, make sure this wetland stays lush and teeming with life.
| Key Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Region | Pantanal |
| Area | Size of Florida |
| Countries | Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia |
| Annual Rainfall | 39 to 55 inches (1,000 to 1,400 millimeters) |
| Notable Wildlife | Jaguars, Giant Anteaters, Anacondas |
Don’t just take my word for it. Dive deeper into South America’s magic with our list of South American countries section, and see how the magic touches other spots across the globe, like the list of European countries and the list of countries by area.
Unique Aspects of South America
Country Sizes
South America ain’t just a flyover zone; this place is sprawling over a massive 6.9 million square miles. That’s nearly double what the good ol’ U.S. of A covers. Brazil hogs a big chunk, bigger than all but Alaska when you stack up 49 of the American states. Peep these jaw-dropping sizes of the big South American players:
| Country | Area (sq miles) | Approx. Area (sq km) |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 3,287,956 | 8,515,767 |
| Argentina | 1,073,518 | 2,780,400 |
| Peru | 496,225 | 1,285,216 |
| Colombia | 440,831 | 1,141,748 |
| Bolivia | 424,164 | 1,098,581 |
Biodiversity Hotspots
South America is like Mother Nature’s gift shop, loaded with some of the wildest biodiversity wonders.
The Amazon Rainforest
This place is the planet’s life-support system, dubbed the “lungs of the Earth.” The Amazon spreads its leafy arms across places like Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. It’s a jungle out there—literally—full of creatures like jaguars and macaws and a gazillion plant species.
The Pantanal
Meet the Pantanal, one of the grandest swamps on our big blue marble, stretching into Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Picture an area as big as Florida, but with fewer theme parks and more jaguars, giant anteaters, and slithering anacondas. Rain dances here a lot, dumping anywhere from 39 to 55 inches a year.
Craving more earthly delights? We’ve got more eye candy: check out our pieces on list of african countries and list of european countries. Get a load of the planet’s varied scenes, population maps, and the mind-blowing critters that call these places home. This dive into diverse nooks and crannies will enrich your perspective on their eco- and cultural goldmines.